Myringotomy Ear Tubes Other names for myringotomy include myringocentesis, tympanotomy, tympanostomy, and paracentesis of the tympanic membrane. Myringotomy is a surgical procedure in which a small incision is made in the eardrum (the tympanic membrane), usually in both ears, for the removal of fluid that abnormally collects in the middle ear (effusion). This is a problem that predominately affects young children. Myringotomy is used to eliminate symptoms, to restore hearing, obtain a sample of the fluid for identification of microorganisms, or to insert ear tubes. Myringotomy with the insertion of ear tubes (tympanostomy tubes) is an optional treatment for inflammation or infection of the middle ear with fluid accumulation (otitis media with effusion) that is not responsive to prescribed medication and persists beyond 3 months. If the effusion lasts more than 4 - 6 months, myringotomy with insertion of ear tubes is recommended. The procedure involves placing tiny tubes into incisions made in the eardrums. These tubes are open at both ends to allow fresh air to reach the middle ear and prevent fluid and pressure from building up in the middle ear. The ear tubes come in various shapes and sizes. They become secure when the ear drum tissue heals around them. Tubes are left in place until they fall out (usually in 6 - 12 months) or are removed by a doctor. The effects of myringtomy are often dramatic and immediate. Generally, hearing loss resolves and parents often report that their children speak better, sleep better, behave better, and are less irritable. A myringotomy is performed in an outpatient surgical center with the patient fully asleep (under general anesthesia). Some physicians do it in their office with sedation and local anesthesia, especially in older children and adults. After the procedure, water should be kept out of the ear canal until the eardrum is intact. This is to reduce the risks of infection and discharge from the middle ear. Children are advised to use ear plugs to keep water out of their ears during bathing and swimming. As many as 30% of children having myringotomy with ear tube insertion require a repeat procedure within five years. Patients and/or their parents should consult their physician for a complete explanation of the procedure and its associated risks and complications.