Bunionectomy A bunion (hallux valgus) is an enlargement of the bone or tissue around a joint at the base of the big toe or at the base of the little toe. Bunions often occur when the joint is stressed over a prolonged period, often from chronic irritation and pressure from poorly fitted shoes. Bunions may be inherited as a family trait. Bunions may also result from arthritis, which often affects the big toe joint. Correction of a bunion can be performed in several ways. The type of surgical procedure performed depends upon the severity of the bunion, the individuals age, general health, activity level, and the condition of the bones and connective tissue. The main approach is to make an incision between the great toe and the second toe, remove the involved tissue or bony eminence, and restore the toes correct position. A bunion can be removed and great toe alignment restored using K-wire or cortex screws. Osteotomy is another method and involves removal of abnormal bone tissue that is causing malposition of the great toe. Once the surgery is complete, the incision is closed with sutures and dressings are applied. Most bunion surgery is performed under ankle block anesthesia in which the patient is awake but their foot is numb. Occasionally, general or spinal anesthesia is used. Patients should consult their surgeon for a complete explanation of the procedure and its associated risks and complications.